What is power factor (Hindi)

 What is power factor - the cosine of angle between voltage and current is called power factor. 

वोल्टेज और करंट के बीच के कोण के कोसाइन को पावर फैक्टर कहा जाता है।

Types of power factor 

1) Unity power factor 

2) lagging power factor 

3) leading power factor 

Types of power factor ko samajhne keliye hmhe sabse phle, Types of electrical load ko samajhna hoga. 

Types of electrical load 

1) Resistive load 

2) Inductive load 

3) Capacitive load 

1) Resistive load - wo device jisme resistance hota hai usme resistive load kahte hai. For example - bulb, heater, water heater, Iron, etc . Isme unity power factor hota hai, quki voltage and current ki waveform sath me cross karti hai zero degree per, jiske karan voltage or current ke bicch me koi angle nhi banta hai .

Power factor ko hmm cos θ se denote karte hai. 

 θ = Angle between voltage and current 

 θ = 0

Cos(0) = 1 (unity power factor) 

2) Inductive load - jis device me winding hota hai usme inductive load hota hai .for example  - ceiling fan, inductors, transformer, motors etc .

Inductive load lagging power factor bnata hai, inductor ki property hoti hai ki wo current ko turant (suddenly)  change nhi hone deta kiske karan current piche rh jata hai Voltage se ,wo kitne piche rh jata hai voltage se wo depend karta hai ki kitna inductance hai. 

Load pure inductive hoga tb current 90 degree piche chalega, tb Power factor 

Cos θ = power factor 

 θ = 90 degree (lagging power factor) 

Cos(90) = 0 (pure inductive load )

Practically possible nhi hai ki pure inductive ho, quki motor ke coil ka kuchh resistance bhi hota hai,isliye normally motor ka power factor  0.8 hota hai. 

Cos θ  = power factor 

 θ = 36.86 degree (current piche rh jata hai voltage se  36.86 degree )

Cos(36.86) = 0.8

Capacitive load  - Normally koi Capacitive load nhi hota hai, capacitor ko hi hmm Capacitive load use karte hai. Isme current voltage se 90 degrees aage rhta hai. 

For pure Capacitive load 

Cos θ  = power factor 

 θ = 90 degree (leading power factor)  

Cos(90) = 0 (current voltage se 90 degree aage chalta hai) 

Hmhari industry ka power factor lagging hi hota hai, kabhi apne nhi suna hoga ki industry ka power factor leading hai. 

Hmhare electrical system ke ander 60% inductive and 40% resistive load hota hai Capacitive load nhi hota hai, inductive and resistive load itna jyada hone ki wajah se power factor lagging hi hota hai. 

Industry ka power factor 8.0 ,0.7 maintain rhta hai, tb hmm power factor ko improve karne ke liye ' APFC panel ' ka use karte hai, mtlab unity power factor maintain karne ki kosis karte hai. 

Automatic power factor correction panel (APFC panel) ke ander hmm capacitor ka use karte hai, jisse ager power factor lagging ker rha hai tb electrical system ke ander hmm Capacitor lgate hai, jiski wajah se kya hoga ki, jaisa ki maine btaya inductive hoga tb current piche hoga voltage se or ager Capacitive hoga to aage hoga current voltage se, to lagging me current jo piche tha voltage se wo capacitor ki wajah se aage ajayega, tb voltage ji time per zero degree ko Cross karega ussi time per current bhi cross karega zero degree per, jiske Karen overall system ka power factor unity power factor ho jayega, isliye lagging power factor ko improve karne ke liye capacitor ka use karte hai. 

Formula of power factor 

P = V* I*Cos θ 

Cos θ  = P/V*I = KW/KVA